Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade Multiplies Blob Capacity 8x

The Fusaka upgrade, activated in December 2025, introduced PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) to Ethereum, increasing blob capacity from 6 to 48 per block. This 8x expansion dramatically reduces Layer 2 transaction costs.

What is PeerDAS?

PeerDAS allows validators to verify data availability without downloading entire blobs. By sampling random portions and gossiping results, the network achieves the same security guarantees while enabling far more data throughput.

Impact on L2 Economics

The upgrade reduces Layer 2 transaction fees by approximately 95%. Average L2 transaction costs have dropped from around $24 in 2021 to less than one cent with current infrastructure.

This fee reduction accelerates the migration of economic activity to rollups. Combined daily L2 transactions now surpass Ethereum mainnet, with TVL exceeding $40 billion across major rollups.

Vitalik’s Vision Realized

Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin stated in January 2025 that “Ethereum is now scaling, it is now cheap, and it is on track to get more scalable and cheaper thanks to the power of ZK-EVMs.”

The shift to proof-of-stake, lower fees, and advances in zero-knowledge scaling represent the delivery of Ethereum’s original 2014 vision.

Validator Optimizations

Fusaka also optimizes validator hardware requirements. The efficient data sampling reduces storage and bandwidth demands, lowering barriers to running a validator while maintaining network security.

2026 Roadmap

Ethereum’s roadmap prioritizes continued scalability (Glamsterdam upgrade), further decentralization (Hegota), and future-proof security including quantum resistance. Full danksharding remains the long-term goal for unlimited rollup scaling.